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Tuesday, November 29, 2016

Testimonies or Stories?

There is an interesting development at the House probe on the illegal drug trade in the New Bilibid Prison.  This development has something to do with the philosophical problem of arriving at truth which I am going to discuss a bit later.
 
Some personalities involved in this drug trade were summoned to testify[1] on the alleged illegal activities happening inside NBP.  Drug lords, police officers, NBP officers, and security aides of former DOJ secretary including Ronnie Dayan, who claimed he was a driver-security, a lover as well of then DOJ secretary Leila de Lima appeared in the Committee hearing and read prepared testimonies with an assistance of a legal counsel.  This Committee hearing in the Lower House appeared like a real scenario in the proper court, only that in the hearing there was no accused presented, no eyewitnesses shown (members of the Committee called them “resource persons” instead), and no judges.  That was not, however, judicial in nature but intended to aid Representatives in their legislation.

What transpired in the series of hearings is that all testimonies of “resource persons” summoned by the Committee to testify implicated Sen. Leila de Lima allegedly asking from drug lords some payolas for her senatorial campaign in exchange of protection in their drug trade.  However, during the last hearing, a certain member of the Committee noted and remarked addressing to Dayan, “paiba-iba ang kwento ninyo” (you’re making different versions of the story.)   He might not be referring only to the testimony of Dayan but other testimonies of some resource persons as well.  This remark tickles my imagination and leads me to write this article since this is not only a problem in hearing cases but a very philosophical one. 

The nature of reading sworn affidavits like one read by Dayan is to find out what is really the truth.  I like how it is said in Tagalog, “kung ano talaga ang katutuhanan.”  Truth has been a subject matter of lively debate by different philosophers in the history of philosophy.  Many philosophers claim that truth doesn’t change; it’s immutable.  In the words of Aristotle, “a proposition is true if, of what is the case, it says that it is the case, or if, of what it is not the case, it says that it is not the case.”  In a testimony, a witness should meet the following truth-conditions: (1) what he is going to testify is what is really the case or is happening, (2) nothing is left unsaid or unspoken, (3) nothing is intentionally omitted, and (4) nothing is a lie.  If all testimonies given by all persons involved in the issue meet all of these truth-conditions, then it would follow that each of them is telling the truth and their testimonies shall cohere (magkatugma ang sinabi nila).  In the hearing, convicted drug lords and some NBP personnel involved pointed their fingers to Dayan as the bagman of then Secretary de Lima.  Dayan, however, denied their allegations and denied having acquaintance with them. 

That’s where the problem lies.  One of them must be telling a lie.  Thus, one or more sworn affidavits by those resource persons are “stories,” not testimonies.  “Stories” are pre-fabricated, intentionally made to meet the end of the author/s.  If they’re not testimonies but stories, then this House probe fools the public into believing that De Lima is the culprit.  If that’s what the Committee is up to, then it defeats the purpose of having that hearing, which is to know the issue of illegal drug trade in NBP.

The current DOJ Secretary Aguirre knows that all of these testimonies presented at the House probe don’t hold water in the proper court to implicate De Lima as the mastermind of all these illegal activities.  Testimonial evidence is insufficient; it gives “probable cause” to implicate De Lima though.  But, by principle, a judge can’t convict a suspect on the basis of insufficient evidence.  A judge convicts a suspect unless pieces of evidence give “no room for doubt.”  Until now, there is no case filed against De Lima by the DOJ.  Senator De Lima knows it very well.  Despite all issues hurled against her, she remains in composure.  She can’t be convicted based on all those testimonies.  Well, in the first place, DOJ can’t find a case against her.  "Sextortion," illegal possession of husband, guess what?



[1] I think “testify” is not the correct term because in the first place they were not considered eyewitnesses but “resource persons.”

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